What is a Straight Wall Cartridge?
At its core, a straight wall cartridge is defined by its cylindrical case. Unlike bottleneck cartridges, which taper inwards towards the bullet, a straight wall cartridge maintains a consistent diameter along its length, or close to it, with the exception of the rim or a slight taper for extraction. The bullet itself sits directly at the mouth of the case, which is crimped or otherwise secured.
This fundamental design leads to several distinct characteristics. The absence of a pronounced bottleneck simplifies the manufacturing and reloading processes. It often allows for heavier bullets to be used within a given case length, although this is not a hard and fast rule. This design also contributes to the cartridge’s inherent suitability for certain firearms actions.
In contrast, bottleneck cartridges are designed to improve ballistic efficiency, achieving higher velocities and flatter trajectories. They achieve this by allowing the bullet to be seated more securely within the case while providing greater internal volume for the propellant. However, the straight wall design offers advantages in different ways.
Advantages of Straight Wall Cartridges
The design of straight wall cartridge calibers translates into several practical benefits that contribute to their appeal. These advantages have played a key role in the resurgence of interest in these cartridges:
The simplicity of reloading is a significant factor. The straight-walled design requires less specialized equipment and fewer complex steps during reloading. The dies needed for resizing and seating bullets are generally less expensive and easier to work with than those needed for bottleneck cartridges. This simplicity appeals to both experienced reloaders and those new to the hobby.
Straight wall cartridges often shine in certain hunting applications, especially in scenarios where the range isn’t extreme and where heavy, slow bullets can deliver excellent terminal performance. They are a popular choice for hunting larger game at shorter ranges. These cartridges are also commonly used in specific types of rifles, like lever-action rifles, which historically use rimmed or straight-walled cartridges. The straight wall shape is also very suitable for firearms that use a breech action.
A further advantage is that, in many cases, they prove less expensive to load than other forms of ammunition. The simpler components and reloading process often translate into cost savings for the shooter. This cost benefit is quite substantial over time.
Perhaps most importantly, some locations and regulations specifically favor straight wall cartridge calibers for hunting purposes. Many areas have implemented restrictions on bottleneck cartridges for hunting, often due to concerns about over-penetration or range safety in specific hunting areas or zones. In these situations, straight wall cartridge calibers are not just an option but the only legal choice for hunting.
Popular Straight Wall Cartridge Calibers: A Deep Dive
A range of different straight wall cartridge calibers exist, each tailored for different firearms and designed for various purposes. Let’s examine some of the most popular examples:
The Old Reliable
The .45-70 Government is a true classic. First adopted by the U.S. Army in the late 1800s, this caliber earned its place in history during the frontier era and remains a viable and beloved choice today. The .45-70 has a rich history, having been used in the iconic Springfield Model 1873 “Trapdoor” rifle.
Key characteristics include its .45-inch bullet diameter and a relatively long case length. This combination, along with its generally lower chamber pressure, allows the use of exceptionally heavy bullets, giving it impressive stopping power at relatively short distances.
The .45-70 is often used for hunting large game like deer, elk, and even bear, particularly in situations where shots are taken at moderate ranges. It’s also popular among historical firearms enthusiasts.
The .45-70 continues to hold its own despite the evolution of more modern cartridges.
A Handgun Legend
The .44 Magnum is a powerhouse and another iconic cartridge. Developed in the mid-1950s, this magnum caliber was initially designed for revolvers, but quickly adapted to lever-action rifles, further solidifying its versatility.
Key characteristics include its .429-inch bullet diameter and substantial muzzle energy. This combination, coupled with a wide range of bullet weights, makes it effective against a variety of game animals.
The .44 Magnum is used in handguns and rifles. It excels in handgun hunting and is a popular choice for self-defense. In a lever-action rifle, the .44 Magnum offers a potent combination of power and ease of use.
The Versatile Revolver Choice
The .357 Magnum is a widely known and popular cartridge developed from the .38 Special, this round has found success in both handguns and rifles. The .357 Magnum is known for its versatility.
The .357 Magnum offers a good balance of power and manageable recoil. It is commonly used for self-defense, target shooting, and hunting. Many shooters love this caliber, due to the option to shoot the less powerful .38 Special ammo in it.
Designed for a Purpose
The .450 Bushmaster represents a more modern straight wall cartridge. Designed with specific hunting regulations in mind, especially within areas where bottleneck cartridges are restricted. This caliber offers a lot of power in a modern package.
The .450 Bushmaster is known for its large-diameter, heavy bullets, giving it exceptional stopping power at shorter ranges. It is often used for hunting deer, hogs, and other game in areas that restrict the use of bottleneck cartridges.
The .450 Bushmaster is quickly growing in popularity in modern rifles.
A New Generation
The .350 Legend is a new caliber, designed to be a highly efficient and effective cartridge that has seen great success. The .350 Legend has rapidly gained traction in the hunting world, especially where state regulations restrict the use of bottlenecked rounds.
The .350 Legend has a good balance of performance, manageable recoil, and affordability. It’s a popular choice for deer hunting, target shooting, and plinking.
Other Considerations
Besides these common straight wall cartridges, there are other options as well. The .460 S&W Magnum and .30-30 Winchester (while technically rimmed) are a few. The .460 S&W Magnum is a very powerful round, while the .30-30 Winchester is a historical favorite.
Considerations When Choosing a Straight Wall Cartridge
When considering a straight wall cartridge, several factors come into play, including hunting regulations. This is paramount. In regions where restrictions exist, your choice might be dictated by the law. Understand the legal requirements of your area.
The intended use is also important. Are you primarily looking to hunt a particular game animal or enjoy target shooting? This will influence your caliber choice.
Recoil and firearm compatibility should also be assessed. Heavier recoiling cartridges may be less enjoyable to shoot and may not be well-suited to all firearms platforms.
Availability of ammunition and reloading components can also be a factor. More common calibers will naturally have a wider range of ammunition and component options available.
The cost of ammunition and reloading is another important factor. The cost of the cartridges and reloading equipment will vary. Consider the overall cost when choosing a straight wall cartridge.
Reloading Straight Wall Cartridges
Reloading is an option with any firearm. The straight wall design of these cartridges often makes reloading easier. This has made reloading a popular pastime for many shooters.
The Future of Straight Wall Cartridges
It is likely that the popularity of straight wall cartridge calibers will continue to increase in the coming years. These cartridges offer a compelling combination of effectiveness, ease of use, and adaptability that makes them a good choice for many shooters.
There will likely be further innovations in case design, bullet technology, and firearms platforms that will continue to refine and improve the performance of these versatile cartridges.
Conclusion
In conclusion, straight wall cartridge calibers offer a significant presence in the firearms landscape, and have made significant improvements for shooters. Their effectiveness, ease of reloading, and compliance with specific hunting regulations contribute to their wide appeal. From the venerable .45-70 to the innovative .350 Legend, these cartridges offer a range of options for different shooting and hunting needs. As a result, straight wall cartridges will continue to be a mainstay in firearms.
