Introduction
Choosing the perfect rimfire cartridge can feel overwhelming. The world of rimfire rifles offers a delightful array of options, each promising specific advantages for various shooting pursuits. In this comparison, we delve into a head-to-head battle of rimfire titans: the 17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (17 HMR) and the Winchester Magnum Rimfire (22 WMR), two cartridges that have earned their place in the hearts of shooters and hunters alike. Both offer distinct benefits, making the decision of which to choose a personal one. This exploration aims to provide a comprehensive comparison, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each, so you can make an informed decision that best suits your shooting needs.
History and Development
The history of these cartridges gives insight into their popularity.
17 HMR
The 17 HMR was born from a collaboration between Hornady and Savage Arms. The driving force was to create a rimfire cartridge with substantially higher velocity and flatter trajectories than those previously available. The goal was to extend the effective range of rimfire rifles and improve performance against small varmints. This was achieved by necking down the .22 Magnum case to accept a .17-caliber bullet. The 17 HMR quickly became known for its exceptional accuracy and relatively high velocities, making it a favorite for target shooting and hunting small game where the range was a factor.
22 WMR
The 22 WMR, on the other hand, has a longer history, courtesy of Winchester. It was introduced to provide a step up in power and performance compared to the standard .22 Long Rifle. Using a larger case and a heavier bullet, the 22 WMR delivered greater energy and a longer effective range, which made it a more capable option for hunting larger small game. The 22 WMR was an early adopter, paving the way for a new level of performance in the rimfire world. It was designed to be an upgrade of the old .22 LR, and it succeeded.
Ballistic Performance
The core differences between these cartridges are truly brought to the forefront during direct comparison of ballistic performance.
17 HMR
The 17 HMR’s high velocity is one of its most prominent features. The lighter bullet, typically weighing around seventeen grains, leaves the muzzle at speeds approaching three thousand feet per second. This translates into a remarkably flat trajectory, making it relatively easy to compensate for bullet drop at longer ranges. The 17 HMR exhibits less wind drift than the 22 WMR, which means it’s less affected by side winds. This higher speed also contributes to a relatively short time of flight, potentially decreasing the effect of a moving target.
22 WMR
The 22 WMR, though not as fast as the 17 HMR, packs a more substantial punch. The bullets are heavier, ranging from forty to fifty grains. Muzzle velocities are typically around fifteen hundred to sixteen hundred feet per second. While its trajectory isn’t as flat as the 17 HMR, it still provides a significant improvement over a .22 Long Rifle. The 22 WMR retains more energy downrange due to its heavier bullet. This makes it a better choice if there is a need to deliver a greater impact at longer distances.
Bullet Selection and Options
The range of bullet options is important when deciding on which is best.
17 HMR
The 17 HMR primarily uses small-caliber bullets, most commonly weighing seventeen grains. These bullets are often constructed with a polymer tip or hollow-point design. This type of bullet design promotes rapid expansion and fragmentation upon impact. The goal is to ensure maximum damage to the target, which is highly effective when it comes to pest control. They are also effective on small varmints, such as groundhogs.
22 WMR
The 22 WMR presents greater bullet weight variations. Bullets can weigh from forty grains to fifty grains or more. Available options include jacketed hollow points, jacketed soft points, and full metal jackets. The choice of bullet style affects the way the bullet expands upon hitting the target. Hollow points are made to expand rapidly upon impact, while soft points expand but may retain more weight. The full metal jacket provides the deepest penetration. The bullet choice affects the rifle’s capacity for hunting different types of game.
Practical Applications
The best choice will depend on the intended use.
Hunting
The 17 HMR is incredibly well-suited for small-game hunting. The 17 HMR’s flat trajectory allows for precise shots on targets at ranges that might be difficult with other rimfire calibers. The high velocity and accuracy make it an excellent choice for varmint control, where the user will need to make accurate, long-distance shots. Ethical hunting is a priority. The 17 HMR has limitations regarding larger game, and it’s essential to consider its effectiveness. The user must ensure a clean kill.
The 22 WMR’s greater power makes it a more appropriate choice for hunting larger small game like rabbits, squirrels, and even coyotes, under the correct circumstances and with appropriate shot placement. It also has a greater range than the 17 HMR and is effective in windy conditions. The greater energy transfer and penetration capabilities make it a viable choice for a broader range of hunting scenarios. Careful shot placement remains critical, as always, to prevent the injury of the target animal.
Target Practice and Plinking
The 17 HMR and 22 WMR can both be used for target practice and recreational shooting. The 17 HMR can be especially useful for accuracy because of its flat trajectory. The 22 WMR is also useful for target practice. The user must always consider cost, and the frequency of their shooting practice.
Pest Control
Pest control is where both shine. The 17 HMR is an excellent option to eradicate pests, such as prairie dogs. The 22 WMR can handle larger pests. The user has to pick based on what they need to destroy.
Rifles and Ammunition Availability
The availability of ammunition and rifle platforms are factors.
Rifle Platforms
Both cartridges are readily available, but options exist. 17 HMR rifles are available in a multitude of configurations, including bolt-action, lever-action, and semi-automatic models. Bolt-action rifles are popular for their reliability and accuracy, while semi-automatic models are favored for faster follow-up shots. 22 WMR rifles share a similar range of offerings and platforms. These rifles can be very affordable for most people. The choices offer a balance between performance and value.
Ammunition and Costs
The availability and cost of ammunition are critical factors. Ammunition costs can fluctuate over time and between manufacturers. The 17 HMR tends to be slightly more expensive than .22 WMR. It’s essential to factor in the price of ammunition when assessing the overall cost of ownership. Ammunition prices can change based on demand, supply chains, and the availability of materials. It is important to regularly check prices to budget accordingly.
Advantages and Disadvantages
These pros and cons of each are essential when making a final decision.
17 HMR
The 17 HMR’s advantages center on its high velocity. It is known for its flat trajectory, making long-range shots easier. It also reduces wind drift, and recoil is light, which makes it easy to learn with. The disadvantages of the 17 HMR include the higher cost of ammunition, and its effectiveness can be limited on larger game.
22 WMR
The 22 WMR provides several advantages. It boasts greater power and energy, which makes it suitable for a wider range of game. The 22 WMR offers a better range. However, it comes with a few disadvantages. The trajectory is not as flat, the recoil is a bit heavier, and ammunition is more costly.
Conclusion
In this comparison, the 17 HMR and 22 WMR demonstrate their strengths, each suited for specific applications. The 17 HMR excels in providing excellent velocity, accuracy, and a flat trajectory. The 22 WMR delivers increased power. Your specific needs determine the better choice. If long-range accuracy and varmint control are your priorities, the 17 HMR is an excellent option. For more hunting scenarios with larger game, choose the 22 WMR. Both cartridges offer a thrilling experience. The best decision comes from analyzing needs.
Call to Action/Further Research
Consider your intended use and prioritize the factors. The best cartridge depends on your needs. Explore online forums, and talk to experienced shooters, to gather further insights. Examine ballistics charts to understand bullet drop and energy retention.
There are a number of resources for you. Explore rifle and ammunition reviews, videos, and articles. Seek expert advice from gunsmiths and hunting professionals. Armed with this information, choose the best cartridge. Now, you are well-prepared to make the right decision.
